Retraction Policy

This journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record and the quality of its publications. Therefore, published articles may be retracted if serious violations of publication ethics are identified.

Reasons for Retraction

An article may be retracted in cases of:

  1. Plagiarism or duplicate publication
  2. Fabrication or manipulation of data
  3. Serious errors that invalidate the results and conclusions
  4. Violations of research ethics (e.g., lack of ethical approval)
  5. Unauthorized use of data or content
  6. Undisclosed conflicts of interest

Retraction Procedure

  1. The Editor receives a report or identifies potential misconduct
  2. The Editor conducts an investigation, including communication with the author(s)
  3. If necessary, the journal may consult reviewers or relevant institutions
  4. The final decision to retract is made by the Editor-in-Chief based on available evidence

Retraction Implementation

  • The article will not be removed from the journal system but will be clearly marked as “Retracted”
  • The reason for retraction will be publicly explained through a retraction notice
  • The original article will remain accessible to ensure transparency

Corrections and Clarifications

If the issue is minor and does not affect the main findings, the journal may issue:

  • Correction (Erratum/Corrigendum), or
  • Expression of Concern (if the investigation is ongoing)

Ethical Standards

This policy follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).