Personalisasi Pemasaran Email dalam Meningkatkan Program Loyalitas: Sebuah Konsep Komunikasi Pemasaran

  • Endang Kustami Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer
  • Enggar Sulistiyono Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer
Keywords: Personalization, E-mail Marketing, Loyalty Program

Abstract

This study aims to examine the interaction between email marketing in the loyalty program by looking at the reactions of program members to emails sent. Email marketing, as part of a marketing strategy plays an important role in achieving maximum profit in business practices. However, how to operate personalized email marketing is a challenge for companies. A good strategy needs to be formed to improve marketing messages that can convince consumers through consumer behavior in loyalty programs. The concept offered is to use theory construal by building goal distance and the appeal of marketing messages (cognitively emotional) in email marketing. This research model uses email campaign samples from Indonesian airline companies taken during the period August - November 2022. The analysis method uses Panel Logit and Binomial Model Regression. The findings explain that there is a reciprocal and significant relationship between the distance of the message and the attractiveness of the message to the loyalty enhancement program. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship when the position of the target distance was at a 'large' level, so that cognitive appeal had a more persuasive impact than emotional appeal; so that an abstract framing message will have a more positive impact that effectively affects the level of achievement of the goal distance compared to a concrete appeal. Research has also found that when members/customers are close to their goals, emotional appeals have a more effective effect than concrete messages.

 

References

Adrian Payne. The Essense of Service Marketing Pemasaran Jasa. Prentice Hall. Essence of Management Series.

Aguirre, Elizabeth & Mahr, Dominik & Grewal, Dhruv & de Ruyter, Ko & Wetzels, Martin, 2015. "Unraveling the Personalization Paradox: The Effect of Information Collection and Trust-Building Strategies on Online Advertisement Effectiveness," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 34-49.

Ansari, Asim & Mela, Carl. (2003). E-Customization. Journal of Marketing Research - J MARKET RES-CHICAGO. 40. 131-145. 10.1509/jmkr.40.2.131.19224.

Beck, Joshua & Chapman, Kelly & Palmatier, Robert. (2015). Understanding Relationship Marketing and Loyalty Program Effectiveness in Global Markets. Journal of International Marketing. 23. 150702160201009. 10.1509/jim.15.0010.

Berry, J., Bulking up: the 2013 colloquy loyalty census – growth and trends in us loyalty program activity [online], Colloquy Talk, 2013, [consulted: January 16th of 2018], Available at: https://www.drugstorenews.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Layout-1.pdf

Bleier, Alexander & Eisenbeiss, Maik. (2015). Personalized Online Advertising Effectiveness: The Interplay of What, When, and Where. Marketing Science. forthcoming. 10.1287/mksc.2015.0930.

Bozkurt, Tulay & Bektas, Fatos & Ahmed, Mahir & Kola, Vehap & Yurtkoru, Serra. (2017). Application of goal setting theory. Pressacademia. 3. 796-801. 10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.660.

Bozkurt, Tulay & Bektas, Fatos & Ahmed, Mahir & Kola, Vehap & Yurtkoru, Serra. (2017). Application of goal setting theory. Pressacademia. 3. 796-801. 10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.660.

Buttle, Francis. 2004. Customer Relationship Management (Management Hubungan Pelanggan) Concept and Tools. (diterjemahkan oleh Arief Subianto) Bayumedia. Malang

Campbell, Margaret & Kirmani, Amna. (2000). Consumers' Use of Persuasion Knowledge: The Effects of Accessibility and Cognitive Capacity on Perceptions of an Influence Agent. Journal of Consumer Research. 27. 69-83. 10.1086/314309.

Cangara, H. (2012). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi (2nd ed.). Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada (Rajawali Perss).

Covington, M.V. (2000). Goal theory, motivation, and school achievement: an integrative review. Annual review of psychology, 51, 171-200

Erez, Miriam. 2015. Goal Setting. DOI:10.1002/9781118785317.weom110049.

Eyal, T., & Liberman, N. (2012). Morality and psychological distance: A construal level theory perspective. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The social psychology of morality: Exploring the causes of good and evil (pp. 185–202). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13091-010

Fan, Haiyan & Poole, Marshall. (2006). What Is Personalization? Perspectives on the Design and Implementation of Personalization in Information Systems. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce - J ORGAN COMPUT ELECTRON COMME. 16. 179-202. 10.1207/s15327744joce1603&4_2.

Felicia, Michaela & Ayu Candraningrum, Diah. (2021). Persuasive Messages Effect of @bittersweet_by_najla Instagram Account on Customer Perceptions September 2020 Period. 10.2991/assehr.k.210805.132.

Fill, Chris & Jamieson, Barbara. 2006. Marketing Communications. Edinburgh Business School Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom. https://ebs.online.hw.ac.uk/EBS/media/EBS/PDFs/Marketing-Communications-Course-Taster.pdf Acessed January 2023.

Förster, Jens, E. Tory Higgins, and Lorraine Chen Idson.1998. Approach and avoidance strength during goal attainment: Regulatory focus and the"goal looms larger" effect.Journal of personality and social psychology, 75 (5), 1115.

Greco, Francesco. (2018). The Rule of Persuasion in the Marketing Process. Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal. 9. 10.19080/PBSIJ.2018.09.555775.

Hofman-Kohlmeyer, Magdalena. (2016). CUSTOMER LOYALTY PROGRAM AS A TOOL OF CUSTOMER RETENTION: LITERATURE REVIEW. CBU International Conference Proceedings. 4. 199. 10.12955/cbup.v4.762.

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5585248/indonesia-loyalty-programs-market-intelligence

Kasanoff, B. 2001. Making it Personal: how to profit from personalization without invading privacy. Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA.

Kim, Cheong & Jeon, Hyeon Gyu & Lee, Kun. (2020). Discovering the Role of Emotional and Rational Appeals and Hidden Heterogeneity of Consumers in Advertising Copies for Sustainable Marketing. Sustainability. 12. 5189. 10.3390/su12125189.

Kim, Hakkyun & John, Deborah. (2008). Consumer response to brand extensions: Construal level as a moderator of the importance of perceived fit. Journal of Consumer Psychology - J CONSUM PSYCHOL. 18. 116-126. 10.1016/j.jcps.2008.01.006.

Kivetz, Ran & Urminsky, Oleg & Zheng, Yuhuang. (2006). The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention. Journal of Marketing Research - J MARKET RES-CHICAGO. 43. 39-58. 10.1509/jmkr.43.1.39.

Kotler, Philip dan Gary Armstrong. 2010. Principles of Marketing. Edisi 13. United States of America: Pearson

Laranjo, Liliana. (2016). Social Media and Health Behavior Change. 10.1016/B978-0-12-809269-9.00006-2.

Larsen, S and Tutterow, S. 1999.Developing the personalization-centric enterprise through collaborative filtering and rules-based technologies,” CRM Project, vol. 1.

Lee, Stella Juhyun.2019 The Role of Construal Level in Message Effects Research: A Review and Future Directions, Communication Theory, Volume 29, Issue 3, Pages 319–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty030

Liberman, Nira, Michael D. Sagristano, and Yaacov Trope (2002), “The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal,” Journal of experimental social psychology, 38 (6), 523–534.

Locke, E. & Latham, G. 2006. New directions in goal-setting theory, Association for Psychological Science, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 265-268

Locke, Edwin & Latham, Gary. (1991). A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance. The Academy of Management Review. 16. 10.2307/258875.

Locke, Edwin & Latham, Gary. (2002). Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation: A 35Year Odyssey. American Psychologist - AMER PSYCHOL. 57. 705-717. 10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705.

Lunenburg F. 2011. Goal-setting theory of motivation, International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration vol. 15, p. 1-6.

Maier, Maximilian & Bartoš, František & Oh, Megan & Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan & Shanks, David & Harris, Adam. 2022. Publication Bias in Research on Construal Level Theory. 10.31234/osf.io/r8nyu.

Maity, Moutusy., Gupta, Seema. (2016). “Mediating Effect of Loyalty Program Membership On The Relationship Between Advertising Effectiveness And Brand Loyalty”. Journal of Marketing Theory And Practice (Vol. 24 No. 4) Hal. 462-481.

Otamendi, FJ and Suti, Martín DL.2020. The Emotional Effectiveness of Advertisement. Front. Psychol. 11:2088. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02088

Panda, Tapan Kumar & Mishra, Kamalesh. (2013). Does Emotional Appeal Work in Advertising? The Rationality Behind Using Emotional Appeal to Create Favorable Brand Attitude. 10. 7-23.

Paul, Pallab, 1996. “Marketing on the Internet,” Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13 (4):27-39.

Peattie, Ken, 1997. “The Marketing Mix in the Third Age of Computing,” Marketing Intelligence dan Planning, 15 (3):142 - 150.

Perloff, Richard M. The dynamics of persuasion: communication and attitudes in the 21st century (pdf).http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132310007/pendidikan/e-book-dinamic-persuasive.pdf. acessesd January 2023

Personalization Consortium (2003), “What is personalization,” Personalization Consortium, [Online]. Available: http://www.personalization.org

Petrison, Lisa A., Robert C. Blattberg, and Paul Wang (1997), “Database marketing: Past, present, and future,” Journal of Interactive Marketing, 11 (4), 109–125.

Prisgunanto, Ilham. 2006. Komunikasi Pemasaran, Strategi dan Taktik. Jakarta. Ghalia Indonesia

Riecken, D. 2001.Personalized views of personalization.Comm. of ACM, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 26–28, 2000.

Romanowski, Robert & Borusiak, Barbara & Pierański, Bartłomiej & Strykowski, Sergiusz. (2014). Personalization of Advertisement as a Marketing Innovation. Slovak Scientific Journal Management: Science and Education. 3 (2014). 18-20.

Sabbagh, Foued. (2021). Email Marketing: The most Important Advantages and Disadvantages. Journal of Economics and Technology Research. 2. p14.10.22158/jetr.v2n3p14.

Sahni, Navdeep & Wheeler, S. & Chintagunta, Pradeep. (2018). Personalization in Email Marketing: The Role of Noninformative Advertising Content. Marketing Science. 37. 10.1287/mksc.2017.1066.

Samantaray Alaka, Pradhan, Bibhuti B.2020. Importance of E-Mail Marketing -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x. PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020)

Sandada, Maxwell., Matibiri, Bright. (2015). “The Mediating Influence of Passenger Satisfaction On The Relationship Between Passenger Loyalty Programmes And Passenger Loyalty. Studia Universitatis Babeșbolyai Oeconomica, (Volume 60, Issue 3, 20)

Sari, Hesti Kartika. 2009. Efektivitas Loyalty Program dalam Customer Relationship Management terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan (Studi Kegiatan Divisi Retensi dalam Pelaksanaan Loyalty Program “Im3@School Community” Pada PT Indosat Tbk. Kantor Cabang Malang). Volume 6, Nomor 2, Desember 2009: 177-206

Sharma, Alka., Bhardwaj, Palvi. (2015). “Perceived Benefits of Loyalty Programmes And Their Impact On Purchase Intentions Of Customers”. Prima: Practices and Research In Marketing (Volume 6, Issue 1 & 2).

Shrivastava, Sanjay & Dawle, Abhijeet. (2020). AN OVERVIEW OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION Strategy: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Current Research. 12. 10.24941/Ijcr.39886.10.2020.

Solomon, Michael R.2009. Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. 8th ed. New Jersey : Pearson Prentice Hall.ISBN: 978- 0-13-515336-9

-13-515336-0

Steiny, D. F. 2009. Networks and persuasive messages. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 24(1), 473-484.

Surprenant, C and Solomon, M.1987.Predictability and personalization in the service encounter.Journal of Marketing, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 86–96,

Thompson, Debora & Hamilton, Rebecca. (2006). The Effects of Information Processing Mode on Consumers' Responses to Comparative Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research. 32. 530-540. 10.1086/500483.

Trope, Yaacov & Liberman, Nira. (2010). Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance. Psychological review. 117. 440-63. 10.1037/a0018963.

Vallacher, Robin & Wegner, Daniel. (2012). Action Identification Theory. 10.4135/9781446249215.n17.

Wedel, Michel and P. K. Kannan. 2016. Marketing analytics for data-rich environments. Journal of Marketing, 80 (6), 97–121

Weng, Jui-Feng & Tseng, Shian-Shyong & Lee, Tsung-Ju. (2011). Teaching Boolean Logic through Game Rule Tuning. Learning Technologies, IEEE Transactions on. 3. 319 - 328. 10.1109/TLT.2010.33.

Wessler, Janet & Hansen, Jochim. 2016.The effect of psychological distance on automatic goal contagion, Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 1:1-3, 51-85, DOI: 10.1080/23743603.2017.1288877

Wyer, N. A., Hollins, T. J., & Pahl, S. (2022). Remembering Social Events: A Construal Level Approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48(8), 1238–1254. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211038188

Zhang, Xi, V. Kumar, and Koray Cosguner (2017), “Dynamically managing a profitable email marketing program,” Journal of Marketing Research, 54 (6), 851–866.

Published
2023-05-17